Removal Act Of 1830 Essays - Cherokee Nation, United States

Removal Act Of 1830 Wallace Two distinct cultures existed on this Earth with the migration of man many thousands of years ago from Eurasia to the American continent. The people from the migration to the Americas had absolutely no contact with the people in Europe and Asia after they migrated. In fact, the two civilizations evolved in totally different manners, and at different speeds. The people in the Americas, or Native Americans existed mainly as hunter-gatherers using tools of bone, wood, and useful animal parts. Native Americans formed their beliefs into many different religions, and resided happily perhaps in buckskin wigwams or wooden longhouses. At the height of their civilization though, whites in Europe had their own religions and sociological issues and beliefs. The two cultures had evolved at different speeds, and in different directions. Civilization in Europe started centuries before civilization in the Americas began, leaving Europe with a massive head-start in key cultural areas; hence, a major cultural clash occurred when Columbus sailed the Ocean blue in fourteen hundred and ninety-two. The whites from Europe simply could not tolerate the Native Americans, or Indians, overall lack of civilization, as the Europeans described themselves. For hundreds of years, the two groups fought over land, religion, and other major components their separate lifestyles. Eventually, whites started coming over in large masses in the mid-eighteenth century when the riches of America enticed them to abandon their mother country and its growing problems of the American Revolution. The Europeans, or Americans (as opposed to Native Americans), and the Indians were fast approaching a do or die situation. The Indians were desperately trying to salvage what land they could keep from the white settlers, after all past attempts had more or less failed. On the other hand, the Americans were pushing the Indians as hard as they could to the Western half of North America ( North America being divided by the Mississippi). They wanted to settle the Eastern portion of their land without the Indians revolting, getting in the way with their religions, and stirring up the general racism that the majority of the white settlers possessed in that time period. Basically, the whites did not want the Indians to live among them or near them, and the Indians did not want to simply give up their land and move hundreds of miles away. In the late 1700s and early portion of the 1800s, the Americans practiced an unwritten removal policy, of unfairly acquiring Native American land, destroying Indian tribes, and forcing Natives to recede into the depths of the land they have lived upon for thousands of years. The Indians put up quite a resistance for a few hundred years, but the time had finally arrived when the whites were seriously thinking about passing a bill through their Congress that would demand that all Native Americans move on the Western side of the Mississippi River. For the Americans, inf luential scholars, military heroes, and religious leaders each had his own opinion on whether they had the right to pass a rather finalizing law on such a major issue. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, which in short gives Americans the legal right to force Indians out of their present homes east of the Mississippi, onto a reservation west of the Mississippi. The margin of the Removal Acts victory in Congress was very narrow. Influential Americans such as Lewis Cass, Andrew Jackson, Theodore Frelinghuysen, John Forsyth, John Ross, and others expressed their opinions to the public and Congress before the passage of the Removal Act. Lewis Cass, Andrew Jackson, and John Forsyth were three of the pro-removal leaders who helped influence Congress to ratify Removal Act. Each of these famous influences in American colonization expressed his strong opinion based on experience with Americas unwritten removal policy and his engagements with the Indians to date. Lewis Cass was the governor and Superintendent of Indian Affairs of the Michigan Territory in the 1820s. As the foremost authority in the United States on the languages and cultures of the northern tribes, Cass argued that Indian emigration west of the Mississippi was morally necessary for Native Americans to survive and civilize without extreme pressure from Americans living near

Free Essays on The Gilgamesh Epic

The Gilgamesh Epic 1. Definition of epic (Reid):"A long narrative poem about a hero's struggle with his destiny." The epic derives from Sumerian oral tradition dating to ca. 2000 BCE. It was told and retold for centuries. Our version is from Akkadian cuneiform tablets, 7th c. BCE. Gilgamesh is a true ruler who was king of Uruk around 2600 BCE. Uruk is a Sumerian city founded around 3500. The narrative begins with Gilgamesh, the best and brightest in the city of Uruk, running rampant with antisocial and violent behavior against men and women. The g-ds create Enkidu, the hairy wildman, to provide a counterweight. They fight, become friends, and perform heroic exploits such as the slaughter of Humbaba, the forest demon. This great exploit attracts Ishtar, who proposes marriage. Gilgamesh spurns the g-ddess because of her treatment of her past lovers. Ishtar asks the g-ds to give her retribution by having the two heroes attacked by the Bull of the Sun. They kill it, which angers the sun, who requires the death of Enkidu as expiation of property damage. The major issue treated is mortality. When Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh leaves in search of an answer for mortality. The advice of Siduri, the divine barmaid (Reid p. 17), to enjoy life, is too naive for Gilgamesh: â€Å"Gilgamesh, whither rovest thou? The life thou pursuest thou shalt not findÉ Let full be thy belly. Make thou merry by day and by night. Of each day make thou a feast of rejoicing. Day and night dance thou and play! Let thy garments be sparkling fresh. Pay heed to the little one that holds on to thy hand. Let thy spouse delight in thy bosom. For this is the task of mankind!† For Gilgamesh, everyday life is soured by the realization that he, too, will die: â€Å"Why should not my cheeks be starved and my face drawn? Despair is in my heart. My brother whom I loved, the end of mortality has overtaken him. Because of my brother I am afraid of death. How can I be silent, how can ... Free Essays on The Gilgamesh Epic Free Essays on The Gilgamesh Epic The Gilgamesh Epic 1. Definition of epic (Reid):"A long narrative poem about a hero's struggle with his destiny." The epic derives from Sumerian oral tradition dating to ca. 2000 BCE. It was told and retold for centuries. Our version is from Akkadian cuneiform tablets, 7th c. BCE. Gilgamesh is a true ruler who was king of Uruk around 2600 BCE. Uruk is a Sumerian city founded around 3500. The narrative begins with Gilgamesh, the best and brightest in the city of Uruk, running rampant with antisocial and violent behavior against men and women. The g-ds create Enkidu, the hairy wildman, to provide a counterweight. They fight, become friends, and perform heroic exploits such as the slaughter of Humbaba, the forest demon. This great exploit attracts Ishtar, who proposes marriage. Gilgamesh spurns the g-ddess because of her treatment of her past lovers. Ishtar asks the g-ds to give her retribution by having the two heroes attacked by the Bull of the Sun. They kill it, which angers the sun, who requires the death of Enkidu as expiation of property damage. The major issue treated is mortality. When Enkidu dies, Gilgamesh leaves in search of an answer for mortality. The advice of Siduri, the divine barmaid (Reid p. 17), to enjoy life, is too naive for Gilgamesh: â€Å"Gilgamesh, whither rovest thou? The life thou pursuest thou shalt not findÉ Let full be thy belly. Make thou merry by day and by night. Of each day make thou a feast of rejoicing. Day and night dance thou and play! Let thy garments be sparkling fresh. Pay heed to the little one that holds on to thy hand. Let thy spouse delight in thy bosom. For this is the task of mankind!† For Gilgamesh, everyday life is soured by the realization that he, too, will die: â€Å"Why should not my cheeks be starved and my face drawn? Despair is in my heart. My brother whom I loved, the end of mortality has overtaken him. Because of my brother I am afraid of death. How can I be silent, how can ...

Financial Management Analysis of Toyota and General Motors Research Paper

Financial Management Analysis of Toyota and General Motors - Research Paper Example In this regard, it will be worth mentioning that the success or failure of any business unit can be largely depicted from the facts presented in the financial reports of the companies. This approach is often regarded as financial management analysis of any business, depicting its current business positioning. Contextually, the role of conducting financial management analysis is deemed to be quite effective in this modern day business. The effectiveness of the performance of any business can mainly be determined through a comprehensive analysis of varied financial reports comprising capital management, income statement, balance sheet and statement of funds (Nieuwenhuizen, 2007). With this concern, the research paper intends to conduct an effective analysis of financial management, which compares and contrasts two particular companies namely Toyota Motor Corporation and General Motors Company (GM). The analysis will mainly address analyzing the financial data of previous three years of both the companies in terms of capital management, balance sheet, income statement and statement of funds. Both Toyota and GM are recognized as the leading market players operating in the automobile sector for numerous years. These companies have been able to attain superior competitive position in terms of delivering quality products and/or services to their respective customers worldwide. Evidently, Toyota is a Japanese based automobile manufacturer, which enraged its customer base through offering quality products to them. The company is also widely recognized for its adoption of lean manufacturing approach along with the practice of Total Quality Management (TQM). These aspects further ensure that the company could be able to deliver quality products to the customers with utmost consistency, thereby gaining maximum profitability. Specially mentioning, Toyota became much renowned in applying effective corporate

Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Human Resource Management - Assignment Example HR managers also look after employee motivation and retention through various strategies. Individuals working in organisations suffer from various problems every day. The task of HR managers is to solve these problems in the best possible manner. In the case, a similar problem of employee attrition was presented. In order to solve these, various alternatives were considered. These included innovative strategies for recruitment and interview processes. The candidates interviewed were subjected to various psychical and mental tasks in order to retain the best candidates. After the recruitment plans, successful retention plans were discussed. It was concluded that a small amount of salary hike would not be enough. So the retention plan included various strategies such as regular training and development sessions, certificate programs as well as quarterly meetings. Contents Contents 3 3 Answer 1 4 Answer 2 7 Answer 3 9 Reference List 12 Answer 1 According to organizational psychology, fi rms are successful not only because of sustainable competitive advantage or market realities. Successful organizations have always treated human resources as their most critical and important assets (Martin, 2001). Cognitive aspects of an organization form an important factor while transmission from one stage to another stage of success. It can also be said that human resource capital has the ability to make or break any organization (Legge, 1995; Guest, 1997). Human resource managers take care of various personnel decisions such as hiring, training, compensation, benefits, assignment positioning etc. Majority of company executives rely heavily on the suggestions and recommendations made by HR managers. Although it is important to have physical assets, most companies have realized that quantity and quality of their output is directly proportional to the commitment and quality of the personnel. Human resource managers have the responsibility of creating right matches for team, depart ments and various projects (Bernadin, 2007). A professional working in the human resource department deals with many functions unlike in larger organizations where one HR expert is appointed in each department. This task multiplicity requires strong and effective organizational skills as these individuals are expected to shift from one project to another project and from one topic to another topic in sort span to time (Cascio, 2003). Out of all these the most difficult job for a human resource development manager is handling works such as understaffing, firing employees, reprimanding employees who are irresponsible, maintenance of ethical structure, giving information about non-existent or small bonuses to the employees etc (Gomez -Mejia, Balkin and Cardy, 2006). These tasks are very difficult to handle as the human resource department is expect to support employees all the time. Many times Human resource team are hated or feared for tasks such as these and it becomes very difficult to coordinate with them. The present case deals with evaluating the necessity of HR function in an organisation. According to the operations manager in the case study, there is no need of any HR department in the organisation. However, absence of HR function might result in different lapses and miss-handling of the overall human capital. Thus, it can be said that a full time HR manager is important for the organisation. An HR manager not only performs core human resource functions but also provides added value to the

Understanding The Business Environment Term Paper

Understanding The Business Environment - Term Paper Example The capital comes from the treasury or the local rates. The public limited aim at providing services to the nation, and in case of profit generation, it has handed hack to the government or the local authority. The government appoints a minister to take responsibility. The minister then appoints a chairperson and the board of directors who respond to daily activities in running the industry. The chairperson and board of directors then give an annual report to the minister who presents it to the parliament for public debate. The information then published for public. The private limited companies are businesses owned by private people. The owners do control and management. They are the directors and managers. The private people raise capital, and their aim is to generate profit. The profit or losses made equally distributed according to the number of shares one own in the company. The voluntary group is an organization consisting of people who offer unpaid services to the organization . Its resources (cash, labor and services) obtained through voluntary means. The co-operatives form when a group works together to accomplish a common need. They are significant status in the tax law in most countries. The co-operatives assist members with their primary business e.g. selling of milk or other farm products. Type of organization Examples- Name of organization and why it exist What sector does this organization operate within Public limited company CDC – A centre for Disease Control ministry of Public health Private limited company Fly Emirates Transport industry Voluntary DISABLED AMERICAN VETERANS AUXILLARY- facilitate medical treatment of veterans Medical industry Co-operatives BONGARDS’ CREAMERIES CO-OPERATIVE Milk processing industry US CDC; CENTRE FOR DISEASE CONTROL CDC is a division of the public health systems and workforce development based in Atlanta, Georgia USA. Its strategy is to work with partners with the aim of strengthening public health systems and the public health workforce. It applies public health sciences and practices to demonstrate health impact. Vision, mission and goals Its vision is to enable countries worldwide have efficient and equitable public health systems to protect communities. It also visualizes the enablement of persons to live productive and healthy lives. It has a mission of working with Ministries of Health (MOH), and various health partners to strengthen public health systems. They collaborate to develop the workforce using innovative programs and science. The aim at building sustainable capacity maintaining strong public health systems and responding to the changing and increasing health challenges. They have a mission of coming together with public health partners to diversify global health problems, practices experiences and resources. (Allison, M & Kaye J 2001) Their main goal is to use system development programs to help the Ministry Of Health worldwide build strong, effective and sust ainable programs. The system development programs include; FETP, Field Epidemiology Training Programs, Field Epidemiology, Laboratory and Training Programs (FELTP), Global Public Health information program (GPHIP),Sustainable Management Development Program (SMDP) and the Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR). They thus help the MOH to improve public health systems locally, regionally and nationally. The internal and external stakeholders of the CDC Stakeholders include persons or organizations invested in a program. They are interest in the results and evaluation of the program where their interests and requirements considered and budgeted for in the planning process. These

Theories of Kant for Company Ethics

Theories of Kant for Company Ethics Early growth in computer processing had little effect on jobs, But as year goes by artificial intelligent had evolve to a point where it is able to think like a human as more and more large amount of new skills were being captured. With these robots, automation or software it is possible to replace people who’s worked in manufacturing industry, service industry or even agriculture industry. Since the notable advancement in computing technology which moves from improved industrial robotics to automated translation service. Andrew McAfee believes that these transition had becoming the reasons behind the sluggish employment growth of the last 10 to 15 years as the rapid technological change has been destroying job faster than it is creating them. (Andrew McAfee, 2012) Therefore, a new argument had risen over the years among employer and employees whether should companies should be responsible for the unemployment caused by their information system. Hence several ethical point of view had been brought up to response to this issue where from ethical egoism point of view believes that companies should not responsible for unemployment as with the information system they are able to benefit from a long term profit therefore this is a morally right action. But Kantianism point of view will be discussed throughout this article to respond to this issue. Kantianism is a deontological ethical theory that concludes that the only good thing in the world that can be called good without qualification is a good will. (Michael J.Quinn, 2003) This bring us back to the issue where should companies be responsible for unemployment caused by their information system. From Kantianism perspective, companies should be responsible for unemployment as Kantianism theory had pointed out that when ones struggles between what ones’ want to do and what ones’ ought to do, what ones’ want to do is no longer important. Ones should only focus on what ones’ ought to do (Michael J.Quinn, 2003). Therefore, the discussion below will look into several categorical imperative formulation that were proposed by Kant to have an in depth view to determine whether companies should or should not be responsible for from Kantianism perspective. Categorical Imperative first formulation poses the basic conception of fairness and universalizability where there will be a consistent law that were tailored for everyone and not there cannot be one rule for me and another for everyone else. For examples, if a company starts to retrench employees that were caused by their information system and felt that it is ok for that company to retrench their employees by doing so companies will be denying and destroy the relationship between employees and employers where employees will lose trust in their employers as they might just get replaced anytime by Information System which leads them to lower productivity and the whole act of making them unemployed will be self-destructing. The desire for consistency will drives the first formulation where could companies retrench employee cause of their information system? Of course not, If every companies in the whole starts to implement information system and replacing their worker with it, it will cause an immense chaos to the world economy where 40% of low income manual labor will lose their jobs in United State and also shifting the bull’s eye onto the middle class workers where jobs like accountant might be replaced by software too. This would lead to severe loss of foundation income for their families where day to day expenses will be a huge problems for these families. (SHOULD ADD MORE IMPACT ONTO THE WHOLE SOCIETY LATER)Since if every company implements information system and causes unemployment, everyone would be unemployed which will disrupt the whole economy and lead the whole world to poverty all because of a personal interest. Therefore, it is wrong for a company to cause unemployment due to their implemented information system and company have to responsible for this issue that were caused by them solely for maximizing their profits. Categorical Imperative second formulation can be seen as the act in such a way that you always  treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of any other, never simply as a mean but always at the same time as an end. (Michael Rohlf, 2010). Therefore, portrait that rational agency is to be valued for its own sake â€Å"as an end† and that it is therefore illegitimate ever to treat a rational agent merely as a means to an end. Looking back to the case study provided, by implementing information system and causing unemployment, company had treated their employees as a mean to an end. The company sacrifices the job opportunity of their employees in order to achieve a lower cost for their product and higher productivity but at the cost of retrenching their workers. It was wrong for the company to retrench their employees as the company is treating their employees as a working machine rather than a rational agent with whom they could work with and try to collaborate machines with human instead of replacing all of the employees to solely automations. According to Kant there are two types of beings one being known as persons and other known as things.(H.J Paton, 1964) A person consist of infinite worth whereas things have a finite worth and can be bought or sold. In this case, company had treated their employees as a ‘things’ instead of a ‘person’ as company weighs them as a finite worth and retrench them in order to achieve company’s need which is to obtain a low cost production and being able to maximize shareholder’s wealth. Therefore, company is responsible for the unemployment cause by implementation of information system as according to categorical imperative second formulation, there should be moral exchanges between parties, as each parties treat each other not solely as an object of instrumental value alone but as objects of intrinsic value too. Thus, company should recognize their employees as au tonomous and rational human beings that are capable of willing freely and not upset or frustrate the freedom and autonomy of their employees by channeling forces or threats to retrench them just because their productivity is not on par as machines. Categorical Imperative third formulation stated that all maxims as proceeding from our own making of law ought to harmonize with a possible kingdom of end. In lay man’s term it means that in considering morality, we need to imagine ourselves making law in a Kingdom of people who are ends in themselves and should not act selfishly or be swayed by emotions which in our case company implementing information system in their organization. Whilst these automation could help in increasing the overall productivity, lowering down total product cost and also results in a higher earning does not mean that ones have to do it, instead company should integrate or implement partial machines that could help in increasing the overall productivity. In so doing, these company will make law for rational people where when we are torn between universal moral laws (retrenching employees without any proper reason will cause upsets to them which will demoralized them and ending their source of income) and particular desires produced in us (implementing machines to maximizes profit), you find a rational solutions to aid the problems (inter-cooperate human and machines together) which does achieve a particular desires and does falling towards either side. That said being able to look at several Kant’s point of view, we could conclude that Kant had several point of view where first formulation focuses on universalized rules where ones act only on that principle of action through which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law where if rule is universalized, any companies that implemented information system will have to retrench their employees, employees loses their job and thus lowering the purchasing power which would results in more economy downturn. Therefore the rules is self-defeating and it company should be responsible for the unemployment caused by their information system. However, the second point of view focuses on looks into treating people as ends in themselves rather than means to ends. Therefore, company should not treat employees as a mean to end by retrenching them just because they had found a better substitute for them instead company should treat them as a rational people where coll aborating them into catching up with new skill sets to work on other fields. Lastly, Kant’s third formulation states that in everything ones do and every autonomous action ones makes, ones is required to picture himself/herself as a person writing the law for a new kingdom where everybody must treat everybody else as end in themselves which company have to find a rational principle of act to solve the issue between maximizing profit and unemployment where it will harmonize both parties. #Provide real world examples. References http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/515926/how-technology-is-destroying-jobs/ http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/kant/ http://hercules.gcsu.edu/~hedmonds/lecture%20notes/kant%20lecture%20notes.htm http://theeconomiccollapseblog.com/archives/50-economic-numbers-from-2011-that-are-almost-too-crazy-to-believe https://financesonline.com/blue-collar-blues-are-we-losing-our-blue-collar-workers/ http://www2.fiu.edu/~harrisk/Notes/Ethics/KANT.htm Biblography http://thepietythatliesbetween.blogspot.com.au/2011/08/kantian-ethics-part-3-second.html http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/06/this-is-the-way-blue-collar-america-ends/276554/ http://www.businessinsider.com.au/why-blue-collar-jobs-are-dissapearing-2012-1 http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2011/12/15/9461848-dismal-prospects-1-in-2-americans-are-now-poor-or-low-income http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/5i.htm http://thepietythatliesbetween.blogspot.com.au/search?q=kantian+ethics http://www.rsrevision.com/Alevel/ethics/revision/kant_aspects_of_theory.pdf

Stakeholder :: essays research papers

The purpose of this paper is to identify key stakeholder groups in the Air Force. In addition to identifying these stakeholders groups, this paper will include whom in the Air Force marketing and communications programs might affect. The next paragraph will expound of who the key stakeholder groups are.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Key stakeholders for the United States Air Force (USAF) are people in the community, in every town, and every state that make up this country. In addition, other key stakeholders are personnel in congress and even the President of the United States. The United States Air Force’s marketing and communication programs have changed remarkably over the years. Since the birth of the USAF over 55 years ago, the marketing strategy has changed from the draft to the â€Å"Cross into the blue† (Air Force, 2002). In 2002, communication to the public about the United States Air Force was received as the best place to be (Air Force, 2002). â€Å"When you Cross Into the Blue, you realize that everyone counts – that each and every member of the Air Force is in the position to make an impact. The Air Force will work to help you discover where you fit in and how you'll leave your mark. Whether you're in high school ready to join the enlisted ranks and continue your education or in college looking for a career as an officer – we have a variety of exciting and rewarding career paths. But it's up to you to take advantage of them† (Air Force, 2002). The Air Force’s communication program via web site where I retrieved this information continues on and gives listings of career fields that will be right for the stakeholder or consumer feeling excited about being a part of a team and ready to sign-up to cross into the blue. Given the â€Å"new† Air Force communication to the public, the USAF is now marketing education benefits to make people believe by choosing an Air Force career that he or she will have a successful life (Air Force, 2002). For example, the Air Force is relaying that they are dedicated to educational development and will make it easy for a person to build on education throughout his or her career. The Air Force is offering a number of unique academic opportunities and experiences in the Air Force. The public can choose from a variety of colleges, universities, and tech training programs to complete his or her education. Stakeholder :: essays research papers The purpose of this paper is to identify key stakeholder groups in the Air Force. In addition to identifying these stakeholders groups, this paper will include whom in the Air Force marketing and communications programs might affect. The next paragraph will expound of who the key stakeholder groups are.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Key stakeholders for the United States Air Force (USAF) are people in the community, in every town, and every state that make up this country. In addition, other key stakeholders are personnel in congress and even the President of the United States. The United States Air Force’s marketing and communication programs have changed remarkably over the years. Since the birth of the USAF over 55 years ago, the marketing strategy has changed from the draft to the â€Å"Cross into the blue† (Air Force, 2002). In 2002, communication to the public about the United States Air Force was received as the best place to be (Air Force, 2002). â€Å"When you Cross Into the Blue, you realize that everyone counts – that each and every member of the Air Force is in the position to make an impact. The Air Force will work to help you discover where you fit in and how you'll leave your mark. Whether you're in high school ready to join the enlisted ranks and continue your education or in college looking for a career as an officer – we have a variety of exciting and rewarding career paths. But it's up to you to take advantage of them† (Air Force, 2002). The Air Force’s communication program via web site where I retrieved this information continues on and gives listings of career fields that will be right for the stakeholder or consumer feeling excited about being a part of a team and ready to sign-up to cross into the blue. Given the â€Å"new† Air Force communication to the public, the USAF is now marketing education benefits to make people believe by choosing an Air Force career that he or she will have a successful life (Air Force, 2002). For example, the Air Force is relaying that they are dedicated to educational development and will make it easy for a person to build on education throughout his or her career. The Air Force is offering a number of unique academic opportunities and experiences in the Air Force. The public can choose from a variety of colleges, universities, and tech training programs to complete his or her education.

Pharmacia & Upjohn Essay

As Pharmacia & Upjohn ready their Rogaine product to be distributed over the counter the company faces many new challenges not previously considered. Pharmacia has estimated that once in the over the counter market Rogaine would reach $250 million in sales within their first year and $1 billion over a period of five years. The numbers mentioned above where forecasted under the assumption that the FDA would approve a request for three year marketing exclusivity, this request was however denied. Pharmacia & Upjohn must now consider the possibility of loosing 60% of their volume to competition. The brand will have to reevaluate their potential first year sales and decide how they will modify their marketing plan to differentiate Rogaine from comparable products. External Analysis Customer Analysis. Pharmacia & Upjohn target men and women between the ages of 25 to 49 for their Rogaine product. Since Rogaine’s introduction as a prescription drug the product has grossed over $700 million in sales. At the time of the case research estimated that there were about 20 million women and 40 million men in the United States with thinning hair or baldness. Out of this group 38. 6 percent of women say they would seek treatment for hair loss and 30. 4 percent of men say they would seek treatment. Combined men and women are estimated to spend an estimated $300 million a year on products for the treatment of balding. As of now Pharmacia & Upjohn estimate potential retail sales of $250 million a year. Management will now have to take into consideration that they could lose up to 60 percent of their sales after their patent expires. Growth Prospect. By 1995 cumulative sales for the brand had reached $700 million in the US and exceeded $1 billion worldwide. Sales from their first year offering nonprescription Rogaine were expected to yield $250 million in retail sales in year one and $1billion over a period of five years. The company obviously expects growth in this market. Based on current industry trends and indicators, the hair regrowth industry is currently in the growth stage. One major characteristic of the growth stage is increased competition. In the past Rogaine was the only product offered containing their patented formula, however, there is now the possibility of at least three other brands using similar formula’s coming to the market. True to products in the growth stage Rogaine will be making a few changes to their marketing mix. Pharmacia & Upjohn plan to increase the percentage of minoxidil from 2 to 5 percent, sell Rogaine at half the price of the prescription version, distribute to retail outlets and increase promotion efforts. Marketing Profitability. The possibility for intense competition is very high for Rogaine. This is due to Pharmacia & Upjohn’s patent expiring for Rogaine and the denial of their request for a three year period of marketing exclusivity. As a result Bausch & Lomb, Alpharma, and Lemmon Company have all considered the possibility of bringing hair regrowth products to the market. The threat of substitutes is also particularly high due to generic brands offering similar products coming to the market. Generic brands typically sell for 25 percent to 50 percent less than brand name products. As a result of a greater number of options customers will now have more bargaining power than in the past. Distribution Channels. As a prescription drug Rogaine’s strategy was to first educate members of their sales force who would then call on physicians, dermatologist, and other health care professionals. After this introduction Pharmacia & Upjohn began targeting consumers directly through television commercials, print ads and direct mailings. Their over the counter strategy will include creating a â€Å"hair regrowth category† and distributing products through pharmacy or hair care sections of food, drug, and mass merchandise retail outlets. The company also plans to send mailings to around 40,000 physicians, 20,000 pharmacists. Consumers will be targeted with mail in rebates, television commercials and by advertisements placed in periodicals. Overall 92 percent of the target will see Rogaine through television and 77 percent of customers would be reached through print advertisements. Marketing Trends. Two major trends that will affect the marketing mix for Rogaine is lower pricing and increased promotion. A single, twin and triple pack of Rogaine will now retail for $29. 0, $55. 00 and $75. 00 respectfully. Overall their products will be selling for half the price of the prescription version of the product. Increased competition will also be a new trend in the market. Competitors such as Bausch & Lomb, Alpharma, and Lemmon and Company will be entering the market selling similar products. Overall $75 million will initially be spent on advertising in the over the counter market. There are also plans to increase the amount of minoxidil from 2-percent to 5-percent in order to increase product effectiveness. In comparison as a prescription drug it was estimated that Rogaine spent between $40 million and $50 million on marketing annually up until 1991. In the past Rogaine was protected by a patent blocking competitors from using their formula. A key success factor for Rogaine in the over the counter market will be differentiation. Rogaine will have to differentiate itself from competition who may be offering lower priced products. Customer Analysis. As of now Rogaine has two defined segments. Men between the ages of 25 and 49 make up the largest customer segment for Rogaine. Research indicates that 9. 9 percent of men who experience hair loss actually seek treatment. At the time of the case it was estimated that there were around 40 million balding men in the US. This means around 3,960,000 men will actually seek treatment for hair loss. The second submarket for the hair product is women between the ages of 18 and 49. It is estimated that around 20 million women have thinning hair and an estimated 13. 3 percent will actually seek treatment for their hair loss. Customers who purchase Rogaine are motivated by cosmetic reasons. Although hair loss is most commonly caused by the medical condition alopecia, it is not something that requires one to seek treatment. Most insurance plans do not even cover doctor’s visits or prescriptions for hair loss products such as Rogaine. Unmet Need. Although Rogaine is considered a success there are many who have not benefited from the use of the product. Research indicates that only 26 percent of male users reported moderate to dense growth and 33 percent reported minimal growth while using Rogaine. Out of women within this same age range only 19 percent reported moderate hair growth and 40 percent reported minimal growth. This means that there is still a large majority of the market that needs a solution to their hair loss problems. Performance Analysis. With the denial of the request for three year marketing exclusivity, this has affected the way Rogaine will compete against other hair loss treatment companies. Rogaine has assured its client based that their product is the â€Å"the only product medically proven to regrow hair. † Rogaine has been able to dominate the market with sales over $600 million during the years of 1988-1995. Sales are projected over the course of the next five years to increase at an average rate of 20% each year, with a total of net profit before taxes of $759,438, 823 at the end of 2000. Determinants of Strategic Options. Rogaine has chosen to spend $75 million on a marketing program to create awareness and a trial of the product. The $75 million will be distributed between one 30-second commercial spot for both men and women, information and displays would be sent to an estimated 40,000 physicians, and 20,000 pharmacists would receive the Rogaine Pharmacy Kit. Rogaine was also offering consumers a way to join the direct marketing program by signing up or calling the toll free number to join. Rogaine is also partnering with Progaine, (a shampoo) by offering coupons for Progaine inserted inside the Rogaine packages. Rogaine is currently facing the implications of having the 3 year market exclusivity request denied. This denial is allowing Rogaine’s competitors the ability to flood the market with their brand of hair re-growth products. This flooding of the market will likely decrease the growth rate of 20% in sales.

Macbook Evaluation Essays

Macbook Evaluation Essays Macbook Evaluation Essay Macbook Evaluation Essay tion Kristen Dunn ENG 101 Mr. Thaxton September 23, 2012 â€Å"Are you a Mac or PC? † Are you a Mac or PC? That is the question. I’m a Mac, all the way! I will stick by my Mac till death do us part. Out of the thousands of laptops produced by today’s technology companies, I have yet to come across a laptop that even comes close to competing with the Mac book Pro that is generated by Apple. The speed and reliability of the Mac book is phenomenal, along with the thousands of application software programs that can be downloaded on this computer. Although there are many reasons the Mac book Pro is a one of a kind, award winning laptop; I love it simply for its performance and software. The Mac book Pro will give you more performance than you will know what to do with. If you are looking for a computer that is fast a lightening (literally), then there is no other option I have been having my laptop for about three years now, and it runs just like the first day I got it. Now that is amazing, thanks to Mac’s Intel Core i5 processor! Considering PC’s like to crash on you are run slower than your grandmother walks after the first year of ownership. Its extra long battery life of up to 7. 5 hours is excellent, because wants the point of having a portable computer if you have to keep it plugged in all the time. It defeats the purpose and you might as well buy a desktop. The hardware on the Mac is built to last, and if you need a buddy you can rely on, I wouldn’t choose any other option, but this laptop. The Mac has an endless option of software applications that can be downloaded on to your computer and with 4 GB of memory feel free to download away! With the applications offered to you, you can personalize your computer to meet you every need, from photo editing apps, to music producing apps and my personal favorite the educational apps. There are millions of applications for everyone and your software can always be up to date to the latest and greatest that Apple comes out with, your only one click away. Most consumers are hesitant to buy a Mac because they are a bit on the pricey side, but I always say you get what you pay for. That 1,199. 00 was the best-invested money I have ever spent and well worth every penny. I know anything I need, there is an application just waiting to be downloaded to help me. The price may seem high, but I know I paid for a computer that will stand up to it and continue to perform the way it is supposed to, and to me, in the end I think I will be saving a lot of money, due to the fact PC’s constantly have to be repaired or buying the software I may need and even purchasing more memory. Who wants to buy a back up hard drive to store your memory when you can just buy a computer that already has it installed? That is why I will stand by my Mac will death do us part and never go with a PC ever again.

Nationalism, Militarism, and the Alliance as WW2 Factors

Nationalism, Militarism, and the Alliance as WW2 Factors Free Online Research Papers In 1919, the European powers had just recovered from the first World War. At the conclusion, the Paris Peace conference was held, and there it was decided that Germany was solely responsible for the war. This paper seeks to prove that Germany was not the only power responsible for the war, by focusing on the actions of Austria-Hungry and England, as well as explaining Germany’s role. This paper will also discuss how nationalism, militarism, and the alliance system played into the beginning of a war that would shake the world. Austria-Hungry was a major instigator of WWI. After the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne, Austria-Hungry sent the country of the assassins, Serbia, an ultimatum that Serbia was bound to reject. â€Å"†¦deliberately framed the ultimatum with the expectation and hope that it would be rejected.† (Fay 2) This quote shows that Austria-Hungry was attempting to instigate a war with Serbia. Furthermore, Austria-Hungry was the first to declare war within the entire world war, when she declared war on Serbia. Also, the alliance system in place in Europe during the war caused Germany to be dragged into warfare with Austria-Hungry, which began the involvement of multiple world powers. England also was an instigator of WWI. If England had acted sooner, siding with the Franco-Russian Alliance, then Austria-Hungry might have been too scared to declare war against Serbia. â€Å"†¦if Sir Edward Grey had listened to German urging, and warned France and Russia early in the crisis, that if they became involved in the war, England would remain neutral, probably Russia would have hesitated with her mobilizations, and France would probably have exerted a restraining influence in St. Petersburg.† (Fay 3) This shows that England could have worked the other side of the war, and warned France and Russia that their actions could have dire consequences, and could have applied the sufficient pressure to prevent a world war. England simply joined the war too late, finalizing the reality of a world war. Finally, Germany must shoulder some of the blame. When Austria-Hungry was considering war with Serbia, Germany pressed war, because she imagined that the war could work in her favor. â€Å"†¦possible to establish a friendly relationship with England, and through England with France. He hoped to bring about a ‘grouping of Germany, England, and France against the Russian colossus†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Fischer 6) This shows that Germany saw herself gaining a further alliance with the other huge powers of the European continent, a goal that was never to be realized. Germany therefore pledged full support to Austria-Hungry, without which there would have been no extra involvement by other world powers in the Austria-Hungry/Serbia conflict. This paper brings into light the reality of the causes of World War One. While historically, Germany is blamed for the war, it is necessary to understand the unfairness of this accusation. Looking at the involvement of Austria-Hungry and England, one can clearly see that the ruling that blamed Germany was incorrect. Understanding that leads one to understand why Germany was so willing to begin World War Two, as they were under the impression that they had been severely slighted. Research Papers on Nationalism, Militarism, and the Alliance as WW2 FactorsAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Analysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaGenetic EngineeringBringing Democracy to AfricaTrailblazing by Eric AndersonQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyPETSTEL analysis of India

Culture Of China Regarding Religion, Food, Communication, Time, And Term Paper

Culture Of China Regarding Religion, Food, Communication, Time, And Space - Term Paper Example The following discussion is an effort to highlight the exceptional and distinguished aspects of Chinese culture regarding religion, cuisine, communication, time, and space. The Chinese culture is largely influenced by ancient Chinese philosophies that have been practiced in China for thousands of years. Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism are the three major religions that are practiced in China by a majority of people. Myriad differences that appear too subtle to the common public exist between these three major religions. The general public is way much oblivious to these distinctions and thinks that the religious teachings and moral values originating from these different religions is more or less the same. Intricate differences between these religions are obvious to a minimal percentage of Chinese public. Still, religious practice is still fervently adopted by many people in China, which is a heavily optimistic sign in today’s much industrialized and modernized world that is too materialistic and ignorant of religious restrictions. Actually, it is those distinctions existing between the three major Chinese religions that have evolved the Chinese culture which is so dynamic and vibrant. One common and enthralling aspect of the Chinese culture that is acquired from the fusion of ancient religions is that it is required of every person to live in harmony with all the other people, no matter if that other person is a friend or a foe. This is one profoundly appreciable aspect of the Chinese culture, which demands every person to seek and spread love regardless of societal, ethnic, or racial pressures. The Chinese cuisine is overwhelmingly popular around the globe among all age groups and bags huge appreciation almost every year in myriad prestigious annual global food contests. Much of the Chinese cuisine is derived from the cooking practices that were significantly vibrant in the Dynastic ruling period. It is worth mentioning here that ancient Chinese rule rs used to host large meals consisting of hundred of traditional dishes at one time. (Ling, 2002, p. 34). It is from this traditional hospitality of hosting large banquets that a whole wide array of variations exist in Chinese cuisine that appeal hugely not only to the Chinese people but by almost everyone around the world. These variations in cuisine also originated and prevailed in the Chinese culture because the Dynastic period was open to many enriched influences from the surrounding countries. China’s gourmet culture and true connoisseur experience has been creating waves of innovation and taste around the world for many past years. The up side about the Chinese cuisine is that it offers extremely stomach friendly food and this fact is acclaimed by all the nutritional specialists around the world. This is because with the cooking oil that is pretty scarce in the country and expensive meat, Chinese food experts have diverted the taste of the Chinese public towards inexpen sive but nutritious and heavenly tasty foods. An important and interesting fact regarding the Chinese communication is that it can be both verbal and non-verbal, and both modes of communication are very important when

History topics since 1500s Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History topics since 1500s - Assignment Example The entry of the European into the Americas had some very serious impacts on the native people who frequently fell for diseases and genocidal policies of the Europeans. It was in the period of Amerindian population decline that some other forms of coercive human labor that included slavery got exploited during the construction of the new world. The cores of the development of Atlantic commerce were sugar and slave (Coclanis, 2005). Therefore, the history of the Atlantic commerce cannot in any way be separated with the history of slavery and the act of transferring both labor and capital across the Atlantic. The transfers of slaves and capital across the Atlantic is also very closely linked with sugar production. (Coclanis, 2005) The emergences of new and improved technology together with human culture were intertwined in the advancement of the sugar industry and this acted as one of the mainstays of the new Atlantic economies. The significance of the trade is that, it led to the mass ive movement of people across the Atlantic. The migrations that were made during this period led slaves settling on their working areas. The major significance of this type of trade is that it has shaped the history of the worlds trade and it has led to a massive growth of cities across the world. In between 1450 and 1750, the two states had several comparisons. Politically, there were differences in the type of leaders who ruled these empires; the forms of governments and the political structures were all different from many other comparisons (Berktay, 1991). There is also an economic and religious comparison of the two states and they are given in the table below. The people within the states and how some of their funds are used base the economic comparisons of the two states on the type of trades that are carried out. The source of livelihood to the